The Regulatory Functionality of Exosomes Derived from hUMSCs in 3D Culture for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy

Reducing amyloid‐β (Aβ) accumulation could be a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Particular functional biomolecules in exosomes vested by the microenvironment in which the original cells resided can be transferred to recipient cells to improve pathological conditions. However, there are few reports addressing whether exosomes derived from cells cultured on scaffolds with varying dimension can reduce Aβ deposition or ameliorate cognitive decline for AD therapy. Herein, both 3D graphene scaffold and 2D graphene film are used as the matrix for human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell culture, from which the supernatants are obtained to isolate exosomes. The levels of 195 kinds of miRNAs and proteins, including neprilysin, insulin‐degrading enzyme and heat shock protein 70, in 3D‐cultured exosomes (3D‐Exo) are dramatically different from those obtained from 2D culture. Hence, 3D‐Exo could up‐regulate the expression of α‐secretase and down‐regulate the β‐secretase to reduce Aβ production in both AD pathology cells and transgenic mice, through their special cargo. With rescuing Aβ pathology, 3D‐Exo exerts enhanced therapeutic effects on ameliorating the memory and cognitive deficits in AD mice. These findings provide a novel clinical application for scaffold materials and functional exosomes derived from stem cells.     

操作窗口对排风柜污染物控制效果影响的实验研究

为提升排风柜的控污能力,在排风柜性能测试实验台上,采用示踪气体测试法和正交试验法,研究了操作窗口竖直开度、水平开度、面风速和操作窗口位置对排风柜前呼吸区污染物控制效果的影响。极差分析和方差分析结果表明:各因素对呼吸区污染物控制效果影响的强弱顺序依次为竖直开度、水平开度、面风速、操作窗口位置;操作窗口水平开度、竖直开度增大,排风柜对呼吸区的污染物控制效果减弱;面风速增大,控制效果增强;水平开度与竖直开度对控制浓度的影响存在较大的相关性,这2个因素对控制浓度的影响仅在另一因素达到一定水平后才能体现。     

脉冲电磁处理参数对YT15硬质合金服役寿命的影响

采用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元分析软件对脉冲电磁处理设备进行仿真建模,利用正交试验的方法研究了磁通密度、磁脉冲个数、脉冲电压、电脉冲组数对YT15硬质合金刀具服役寿命的影响规律。通过极差分析得到了各因素的影响主次关系以及最佳脉冲电磁处理参数,并分析了切削过程的主切削力及磨损量变化,结果表明:脉冲电磁处理可使YT15硬质合金刀具服役寿命增长57.2%;最佳的处理参数组合为磁通密度2T,磁脉冲个数10,脉冲电压0.8V,电脉冲组数20;磁通密度和磁脉冲个数对其寿命影响较大,脉冲电压和电脉冲组数影响较弱;脉冲电磁处理后的刀具切削力较未处理有所降低,后刀面磨损速度明显减缓。     

天然土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)迁移的影响

以石英砂为填充介质，采用动态柱实验方法研究了某中低放处置场地表土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)在石英砂柱中迁移行为的影响，并结合静态批式实验探究了土壤胶体对U(Ⅵ)迁移的影响机制。结果表明，当U(Ⅵ)进样质量浓度从1.0 mg/L增大至5.0 mg/L时，U(Ⅵ)在石英砂柱中的穿透速率显著增大，且达到洗脱平衡时所需淋洗液的体积从250 PVs（孔隙体积）增大至400 PVs。与U(Ⅵ)相比，土壤胶体在石英砂柱内迁移较快，这可能是由于土壤胶体与石英砂之间相互作用较弱所致。土壤胶体与U(Ⅵ)共存体系中，U(Ⅵ)的迁移速率明显增大，而土壤胶体迁移速率无显著变化，表明共存体系中U(Ⅵ)的迁移行为主要受土壤胶体所控制。静态吸附实验表明，在石英砂-U(Ⅵ)二元体系中，pH≈6.0时石英砂对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率最大，而在胶体-石英砂-U(Ⅵ)三元体系中，U(Ⅵ)主要在土壤胶体表面发生吸附。本研究所用土壤中胶体的质量分数仅约占0.04%，但可吸附20%U(Ⅵ)（初始质量浓度为5.0 mg/L）；由此可见，土壤胶体可与U(Ⅵ)发生强的相互作用，进而对U(Ⅵ)在真实环境体系中的吸附、迁移和扩散等行为产生至关重要的影响。     

Preventive replacement policies with time of operations,mission durations,minimal repairs and maintenance triggering approaches

When a mission arrives at a random time and lasts for a duration, it becomes an interesting problem to plan replacement policies according to the health condition and repair history of the operating unit, as the reliability is required at mission time and no replacement can be done preventively during the mission duration. From this viewpoint, this paper proposes that effective replacement policies should be collaborative ones gathering data from time of operations, mission durations, minimal repairs and maintenance triggering approaches. We firstly discuss replacement policies with time of operations and random arrival times of mission durations, model the policies and find optimum replacement times and mission durations to minimize the expected replacement cost rates analytically. Secondly, replacement policies with minimal repairs and mission durations are discussed in a similar analytical way. Furthermore, the maintenance triggering approaches, i.e., replacement first and last, are also considered into respective replacement policies. Numerical examples are illustrated when the arrival time of the mission has a gamma distribution and the failure time of the unit has a Weibull distribution. In addition, simple case illustrations of maintaining the production system in glass factories are given based on the assumed data.     

Binary Ti–Fe system. Part I: Experimental investigation at high pressure

The present work illustrates the effect of quasi-hydrostatic pressure on the positions and widths of the homogeneity ranges of the intermetallic phases TiFe and TiFe₂ at high temperatures. The experiments were performed with Ti–Fe diffusion couples that were heat treated in a multi-anvil press at 2.5 GPa. The solubility limits of the phases were derived from the concentration profiles that were measured using electron probe microanalysis. It was found that the homogeneity ranges of TiFe and TiFe₂ extend to higher titanium concentrations, if the pressure is applied. The positions of the phase boundaries of the intermetallics on the iron-rich side are not affected by the pressure. The accuracy of the experimental data including the homogeneity ranges and temperatures was verified by comparing the homogeneity ranges of β-Ti(Fe), α/δ-Fe(Ti) and γ-Fe measured in this study with the homogeneity ranges taken from literature. The pressure was calibrated using the pressure-induced phase transitions of bismuth.     

Modelling consumer choice through the random regret minimization model: An application in the food domain

In line with findings on post-purchase food-choice regret, one can expect that pre-purchase anticipated regret with respect to forgone (non-chosen) alternatives has an impact on consumer food choices, especially when the choice is considered to be important. The traditional Random Utility Maximization (RUM) models for discrete choices may not fully capture this impact. This study investigates the usefulness and potential in the food domain of a discrete choice model that follows the regret minimization principle, the Random Regret Minimization (RRM) model, as an alternative and complement to existing RUM models. The two models are applied to consumer stated choices of cheese in a choice experiment. The study also investigates whether and to what extent a number of personality traits determine whether particular consumers rather choose according to utility-maximization, or regret-minimization principles. Results show that at the aggregate level the two models have a similar goodness of fit to the data and prediction ability. Still, each of them shows better fit for particular subgroups of consumers, based on personality traits. Hence, the present study reveals a potential for the RRM model applications in the food domain, and adds to the empirical literature supporting previous findings on the RRM model found in other contexts. Further research is needed to explore in which situations and for which consumer segments the RRM model is the most useful model.     

蛋类礼盒包装结构的缓冲性能研究

目的研究蛋类礼盒包装结构的缓冲性能。方法以蛋类尺寸为基础,建立可发性聚乙烯(expandable polyethylene. EPE)缓冲单元结构和组合结构,进行静态仿真分析和实验验证,比较结构在形状、叠合层数、组合形式等参数变化时的载荷与位移。结果结构层数变化相同时,单元结构的极限载荷从143N增加到236 N,组合结构的极限载荷从224 N增加到476 N,均呈近线性增长。结论蛋类礼盒包装中,组合结构的承载能力优于单元结构,通过单元结构的组合,可满足不同蛋类的包装要求。     

Interleukin-1β Modulation of the Mechanobiology of Primary Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts: Potential Implications in Lung Repair

Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are upregulated during early responses to tissue damage and are expected to transiently compromise the mechanical microenvironment. Fibroblasts are key regulators of tissue mechanics in the lungs and other organs. However, the effects of IL-1β on fibroblast mechanics and functions remain unclear. Here we treated human pulmonary fibroblasts from control donors with IL-1β and used Atomic Force Microscopy to unveil that IL-1β significantly reduces the stiffness of fibroblasts concomitantly with a downregulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) and alpha-smooth muscle (α-SMA). Likewise, COL1A1 mRNA was reduced, whereas that of collagenases MMP1 and MMP2 were upregulated, favoring a reduction of type-I collagen. These mechanobiology changes were functionally associated with reduced proliferation and enhanced migration upon IL-1β stimulation, which could facilitate lung repair by drawing fibroblasts to sites of tissue damage. Our observations reveal that IL-1β may reduce local tissue rigidity by acting both intracellularly and extracellularly through the downregulation of fibroblast contractility and type I collagen deposition, respectively. These IL-1β-dependent mechanical effects may enhance lung repair further by locally increasing pulmonary tissue compliance to preserve normal lung distension and function. Moreover, our results support that IL-1β provides innate anti-fibrotic protection that may be relevant during the early stages of lung repair.